Surgery can in many cases make a significant improvement to a woman's future fertility, both in the short and in the long term. It can either be done either with endoscopic procedures such as hysteroscopy and laparoscopy, or alternatively by means of an open-abdominal procedure, also called a laparotomy.
Surgery can be used for treating various conditions including endometrioses, tubal problems, fibroids of the uterus, distortion of the normal pelvic anatomy, adhesions with scar tissue formation, etc.
In male patients it is used for corrective surgery to the tubes transporting the sperm through the body, varicocele in the testis and most commonly; to get sperm directly from the testis (surgical sperm retrieval.)